Stereotypes Are Innate Or Learnt - 1503 Words

Stereotypes can simply be defined as: ‘’ A stereotype is ‘’†¦a fixed, over generalized belief about a particular group or class of people. ‘’ (Cardwell, 1996).’’ Saul McLeod, (2008, Updated 2015) Stereotypes. http://www.simplypsychology.org/jatz-braly.html Although this quick definition does not clarify where stereotypes may stem from. As seen in our text book there is debate on if stereotypes are innate or learnt thus, making some stereotypes deeply rooted. Looking a stereotype in a broader term, I have decided to base my example on stereotypes in schools and the effects they might have in order to better illustrate the material that I have learned. Stereotypes can take many forms and can be witness in many different areas, notably†¦show more content†¦Stereotype often help us to take quick decisions. The cycles than continue for the paths are already set up before them, because of the stereotype they easily fit in too. Research even demonstrates that young girls are subject to gender stereotype affecting their education and forming their beliefs of themselves at a young age. At age 6 girls differentiate themselves with boys, placing the them in the really smart category and avoid games intended for the really smart notably the boys. Lin Bian,Sarah-Jane Leslie, Andrei Cimpian ( 27, January 2017) http://science.sciencemag.org/content/355/6323/389 These stereotypes set the stage for self filling prophecies, making it harder for them to reach the bar that they have the potential of reaching. Setting the bar for children helps to support the confirmation bias. They are repeatedly told what they should strive for and what is their potential versus exploring their potential and learning who their true self might be. An example of this might be if a child, notably a young girl fails at a math test, it might confirm the message that she has repeatedly heard that boys are better at math. Hence confirming that she isn’t as smart. I will take myself for example of dangers of stereotype validation. Struggling to continue my education, and suffering for anxiety, I was subject to many stereotypes. Breaking the cycle and wantingShow MoreRelatedPrejudice Is An Innate Quality Of Humans987 Words   |  4 Pagesprejudice; people make assumptions based on characteristics such as age, sex, and ethnicity. There are many explanations of pr ejudice, however, there has never been an internationally accepted theory. In early 20th Century, Prejudice was considered an innate quality of humans, and instinctive response to certain characteristics of a person. Other psychologists may argue that prejudice is an attitude that is acquired over time, catalysed by social agents. There are multiple theories and explanationsRead MoreSexism And Prejudice And Discrimination1791 Words   |  8 PagesAs stated in the oxford dictionary a stereotype is ‘a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing’. Stereotyping is a normal, automated aspect to our thinking process and hence is a vast implication to our outlook on society. Stereotyping is a widely observed Psychological topic and it has been suggested that sex, race and age are the most prevalent aspects to stereotyping (Mackie, Hamilton, Sussking and Rosselli,1996.) Therefore discussing all areasRead MoreDiscuss the Nature-Nurture Debate in Relation to Individual Development (M1)2187 Words   |  9 Pageslast century one of the greatest debates in psychology concerns, the basis of behaviour, specifically whether behaviour is innate i.e. genetically controlled, or whether it is learnt through the socio-cultural environment. This is often referred to as the Nature vs. Nurture debate. There are two main arguments on this issue. The ‘Nativist’ claims that all behaviour is innate believing that genes control the majority of animal behaviour. On the other hand, the empiricist position suggests that allRead MoreGender Inequality In The Police1751 Words   |  8 PagesThis is known as accountability, you need to have the characteristics of the group you associate with. In this paper, I will be looking at gender inequality in the police. I will touch on the existing gender stereotypes that have led to the existing inequality in policing, how these stereotypes have led to the term ‘doing gender’ and how police work is a perfect example for understanding the term. In addition to this, I will look at studies that prove the gender gap in the police force, and lastlyRead MoreThe Myth of Mental Illness2711 Words   |  11 Pagesframework of human sociological convention. 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The idea of masculinity and femininity andRead MoreThe Effect of Genetic, Environmental and Cultural Factors on Learning2722 Words   |  11 Pagesopinion based on what I have read, is that the term, â€Å"Learning† is a cognitive process of acquiring new concepts and skills, in order to complete a task which in-turn increase’s knowledge and understanding of the subject area to be learnt. In addition, individuals will be able to build on past experiences to identify how a situation could be improved, and then with this knowledge make actual improvements. Furthermore, learning is influenced from the environment in whichRead MoreAlevels Sociology3511 Words   |  15 Pagessmile, cry, communicate in speech or even recognise humans. This shows quite clearly that even the basics of what we humans perceived to be present at birth is actually learnt through socialisation. However, new evidence shows that babies do smile and even cry in the womb, meaning that these feral children may be born with these innate behavioural patterns pre-programmed into them, but after living alongside the animals for a period of time they are socialised to ignore these emotions. The case studyRead MoreHow Managing with a Global Mindset Essay2887 Words   |  12 Pagesand inquisitiveness. â€Å"They seek to try the local food and not international food at some five star hotels. They read the local newspaper, talk to the local residents.† Although this trend in search of new experiences may be an innate trait, and not something that is learnt, nothing prevents the companies from looking for this characteristic at the time of selecting its potential leaders and sending them to an international assignment. Although individual personality traits mould leadership capacitiesRead MoreSocial Inequality in Society Essay2617 Words   |  11 Pagesassertive whilst girls are expected to be passive and submissive. Feminist sociologist Ann Oakley, argues that behaviour displayed by men and women is cultural, can differ according to socially accepted ‘norms’ and arguably is ‘learnt’, a theory supported by the research of anthropologist Margaret Mead. Meads study of the Arapesh, Mundugamor and Tchambuli tribes in New Guinea (cited O’Donnell 1987:312), revealed conflicting gender role behaviour. Amongst members

Climate Change Is Defined By Dictionary.com As A Long Term...

Noah Phillips Mrs. Foust 12 Honors English 5 December 2016 Climate Change Climate change is defined by Dictionary.com as â€Å"A long-term change in the earth’s climate, especially a change due to an increase in the average atmospheric temperature† (â€Å"The Definition of Climate Change†). Climate change can be separated into four categories which are: evidences, causes, effects, and solutions. These categories help to find out what climate change is and how we can stop it. There are many questions that arise when talking about climate change, and one of those questions is what are some evidences of climate change? There are nine major evidences of climate change and they are: seal level rise, global temperature rise, warming oceans, shrinking ice sheets, declining Arctic sea ice, glacial retreat, extreme events, ocean acidification, and decreased snow cover. These evidences occur all around the world and are very noticeable by anyone who comes in contact with them (â€Å"Climate Change†). Sea levels have been ri sing over the past century, but the most significant change has happened over the past decade. The rise of sea levels is caused by two main factors: melting land ice and the expansion of sea water. Throughout this century the rate of global sea levels rising has been about 6.7 inches, but the rate has doubled over the past decade. This reveals that the rate of rising sea levels is speeding up and could have a major impact on island and coastal life (â€Å"Global Climate Change†).Show MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Consumerism939 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Dictionary.com, consumerism is defined as â€Å"the concept that an ever-expanding consumption of goods is advantageous to the economy.† Basically, this definition boils down to people getting more people to buy more products is a good thing. 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Care Of Older Adult Synthesis Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

In the instance survey of Susan Smith and her household, there are many pertinent factors that need to be addressed. Mrs. Smith has legion serious medical conditions such as coronary arteria disease, insulin dependant diabetes, and degenerative arthritis. We will write a custom essay sample on Care Of Older Adult Synthesis Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now She lives on a fixed income far off from all household, which puts her at hazard for seeking and obtaining proper wellness attention. Mrs. Smith besides has safety, cultural, and emotional demands that need considered throughout her program of attention. Education It is clear Mrs. Smith needs extra attention, nevertheless she needs particular attending put away as to how the information and facts gathered are traveling to be presented. Mrs. Smith ‘s highest degree of instruction is the tenth class and therefore we can presume that her literacy and cognition of the medical field and wellness system is minimum. Additionally, agism, know aparting against older grownups, attitudes and elderspeak which consists of chantlike voice, short simple sentences, and decelerate speech production, must be avoided in order for Mrs. Smith to grok her medical intervention. To go on, Mrs. Smith suffers from macular devolution ; hence written information should be in big print and placed in order to utilize peripheral vision. Mrs. Smith is African American ; hence cultural pattern and historical experiences during her life-time should be taken into consideration. African Americans lived during the Jim Crow Torahs and the Tuskegee Experiment, an experiment w here black work forces with poxs were mislead and did non have intervention for the disease. Although Mrs. Smith ‘s instance is rather different, these historical experiences have left the African American population with small trust for health care members ( Touhy A ; Jett, 2010 ) . Safety and Mobility Osteoarthritis Safety and proper mobility are critical facets to pay close attending to with older grownups. Mrs. Smith suffers from degenerative arthritis ( OA ) and confusion. Although Mrs. Smith is loath to fall in an aided life installation, instruction sing diet, exercising plans, and physical and occupational therapy offered are necessary to her recovery. Harmonizing to Seed, Duncan, and Lynch, the first measure in OA is instruction. Since, Mrs. Smith ‘s literacy degree is minimum and no anterior cognition about this disease is known, information should be given in a clear apprehensible mode with extra written information. Extra instruction for degenerative arthritis would include accent on farther intervention options. Harmonizing to the article Osteoarthritis: A Review of Treatment Options, a lessening in weight and BMI can significantly assist with degenerative arthritis in hips and articulatio genuss. Besides, manual therapy of the articulatio genus through physical and occupational therapy has been proven to increase the map, hurting, and stiffness affected by OA, particularly the articulatio genus ( Seed, Duncan, A ; Lynch, 2009 ) . Impaired Cognition Mrs. Smith is besides enduring from confusion which impacts her overall safety. Her forgetfulness is likely the ground for her recent house fire which led to first and 2nd grade Burnss. Performing a Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) would be good to measure for any new cognitive lacks. A thorough autumn appraisal should be completed explicating what a autumn is and how often/ if at all Mrs. Smith has fallen. Harmonizing to Touhy and Jett ( 2010 ) confusion is a major subscriber to falls along with lessened ocular sharp-sightedness, arthritis, joint hurting and cardiovascular jobs which Mrs. Smith qualifies for. A autumn appraisal must be done and the consequences must be looked at closely as some of Mrs. Smith ‘s implicit in issues may be related to and hold a important impact on her overall position ( p.182 ) . Driving Safety Additionally, Mrs. Smith has been in two auto recent auto accidents. It is evident that non merely is Mrs. Smith seting her ain life in danger, but the lives of others as good. Therefore, Mrs. Smith ‘s ability to drive must be assessed. This appraisal will include a vision cheque, cognitive damage appraisal, engagement of medical supplier, attending span, ethanol or drug usage and reaction clip. This appraisal and treatment will necessitate their engagement ; their sentiment in her drive accomplishments. Besides, unfastened treatment between the senior and household can frequently extinguish defeat and statements. Socioeconomic Status Mrs. Smith ‘s socioeconomic position ( an African American widow populating on a fixed income ) has a important impact on her attention. Socioeconomic standing has a direct relationship with attention sought after. Persons with decreased incomes are less likely to seek medical attention due to miss of income and insurance coverage and hence, medical issues are neglected and jobs become worse. Aged inkinesss are three times more likely than Whites to be in poorness. Furthermore, individual adult females are at an increased hazard for poorness, hence Mrs. Smith has two key hazard factors against her socioeconomic position ( Touhy A ; Jett, 2010 ) . Prevention In position of the fact that socioeconomic position must be taken into consideration, preventive steps to guarantee booming wellness conditions must be taught and emphasized. As an African American, Mrs. Smith has an increased hazard for high blood pressure, cardiovascular and nephritic disease. It is of import that she is cognizant of preventive steps for these and other wellness concerns every bit good as go oning attention to command her preexistent conditions. Harmonizing to Moulton in Hypertension in African Americans and its related chronic diseases, proactive intercessions include increased exercising and decreased Na to forestall farther disease advancement with Mrs. Smith ‘s coronary arteria disease and prevent nephritic disease. Besides, in Mrs. Smith ‘s state of affairs, carbohydrate numeration and an overall lessening in nutrients high in sugar can assist command her insulin-dependent diabetes. These proactive wellness picks will assist decrease Mrs. Smith â⠂¬Ëœs health care costs ( Moulton, 2009 ) . Insurance Mrs. Smith ‘s insurance is unknown at this point. Further probe will uncover whether or non she qualifies for Medicare and/or Medicaid. Parts A, B, C, and D of Medicare should be investigated in order to happen out what will profit her most with her fixed income and demands. Touhy and Jett ( 2010 ) stated that Medicare A covers acute attention and short-run rehabilitative attention. This may be good to Mrs. Smith since she is presently enduring from first and 2nd grade Burnss which will necessitate dressing alterations and careful monitoring. Medicare B covers ‘costs associated with the services provided by doctors ; nurse practicians ; outpatient services ; physical address, and occupational therapy ‘ ( p 358 ) . Medicare C provides a list of locations and suppliers who are covered. If patients wish for their medical demands to be covered they will follow this list, if non they pay out of pocket for farther attention. In The consequence of transitioning to Medicare Part D drug coverage in seniors dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid ( 2008 ) Medicare Part D aims â€Å" to increase entree to prescription drugs † ( Shrank, Patrick, Pedan, 2008, p. 1 ) which may in fact aid Mrs. Smith. Therefore, if applications are decently claimed, Mrs. Smith may hold the ability to hold medicines covered. Additionally, with Mrs. Smith ‘s demanding wellness conditions, such as coronary arteria disease, insulin-dependent diabetes and history of chest malignant neoplastic disease, extra aid with her legion medicines may significantly profit and increase her overall fixed income. Financial advisory is strongly suggested to be completed in order to observe if Mrs. Smith ‘s fiscal state of affairs allows her entree to Medicaid, which is a plan for those who have increased demands of medical attention with a significantly decreased fiscal state of affairs ( Shrank, Patrick, Pedan, 2008 ) . These federal aided plans can assist Mrs. Smith wage for legion medical conditions which require an enhanced sum of medicines, supplies, and physicians assignments ( Touhy A ; Jett, 2010 ) . Fiscal Planing In add-on to the old suggestions for cut downing Mrs. Smith ‘s fiscal load, one could make a proper budget for her wellness attention costs. She has overdrawn on her account a few times late, hence aid with planning and equilibrating her histories is much needed. The kids of Mrs. Smith, no affair how far the distance, can assist her appropriately budget her money. This will non merely assist her cut down the excess charges from retreating, but besides extinguish the hiring of a more expensive fiscal contriver. Ethical and Legal Considerations The ethical and legal issues recognized for Mrs. Smith are hard and comprehensive. There are many determinations to be made sing Mrs. Smith ‘s approaching hereafter attention. She has several chronic conditions ; although manageable, necessitate particular preparation, medicines and therapies. Most significantly, Mrs. Smith and her kids need to pass on together and reason what attention will cover the complete good being of Mrs. Smith. She is approaching the terminal of life and imperative issues such as life will, power of lawyer and codification position demand to be determined. A life will and code position should be determined in instance of farther disease procedure or unpredictable unwellness. The household will be able to admit their female parent ‘s wants. Therefore, Mrs. Smith should take a power of lawyer, person with whom she feels comfy go forthing her wellness determinations to be made by in the instance that she is unable to make so. Deciding upon these lega l issues may ease the head of Mrs. Smith and her household as they make pertinent determinations of Mrs. Smith ‘s close hereafter. Residential Options Due to Mrs. Smith ‘s damaged place, it is imperative that she relocates every bit shortly as possible while her abode is under re-construction. Although it may non look to be the instance, Mrs. Smith and her household have many options for possible wellness attention installations. Another option for Mrs. Smith is to travel in with one of her kids into what is considered a â€Å" granny level † . Although patients with an African American background are more likely to partake in this type of life, Mrs. Smith ‘s kids live far distances off and this may non be ideal. Depending upon Mrs. Smith insurance, she can relocate to a skilled installation while her Burnss heal. Mrs. Smith will necessitate extended demands with diabetes control and proper healing of her lesions ; a skilled installation will supply this attention. However, Mrs. Smith and her kids have clip to program and discourse the life state of affairs for Mrs. Smith after her house is fixed because this, ev ery bit good, is a critical facet to her attention. Clearly, Mrs. Smith and her household have many surrogate options to take from. Once once more, Mrs. Smith ‘s options depend upon her insurance, nevertheless she can travel into aided life where people will be available to help on a day-to twenty-four hours footing while besides holding privateness and the will to make as she pleases. Another option consists of Mrs. Smith holding a place wellness attention nurse/aid visit her often, taking attention of her demands and guaranting the proper medicine and interventions are received each twenty-four hours. Finally, Mrs. Smith can partake is a theoretical account of attention called PACE ( Program for All Inclusive Care for the Elderly ) . This plan provides primary and acute attention, place attention, and nursing place attention while leting the senior to populate independently in the community ( Touhy A ; Jett, 2010 ) . An of import facet to see while Mrs. Smith is taking a new residence is relocation emphasis syndrome. Harmonizing to Koe, Travic, and Acton ( 2004 ) resettlement emphasis is â€Å" anxiousness, depression, apprehensiveness, solitariness, and increased confusion † ensuing from a move to a new environment ( p. 3 ) . Although non all relocating experiences are negative, â€Å" sum of control new occupant ‘s experience, every bit good as the grade of support of the household in the decision-making procedure † are major subscribers to relocation stress syndrome ( Koe, Travic, and Acton, 2004, p. 3 ) . Decision Mrs. Smith and her five kids open-mindedly discussed with an interdisciplinary squad of medical professionals the best possible attention for this 81 twelvemonth old African American with multiple chronic unwellnesss and acute attention issues while populating on a fixed income. Through her kids ‘s planning and research, their female parent qualifies for specific parts of Medicare and Medicaid. The Smith household besides decided through an involved type action scheme, Mrs. Smith included, that it was clip cabs, coachs, or household and friends escort her on errands and activities. Mrs. Smith, while loath to make so, relocated to a skilled installation unit while her house was repaired from the harm during the fire. While retracing the house, the kids have agreed to financially back up alterations to their female parent ‘s house in order for her to populate in the community longer. These alterations include railings installed throughout the house, kitchen and bathroom points at an eye-level, approachable topographic point, grab bars in the shower, raised lavatory place with bars, and thresholds removed from room accesss. Mrs. Smith will be partaking in the PACE theoretical account of attention because this is recognized as a lasting supplier under Medicare and Medicaid. Mrs. Smith ‘s diabetic demands of finger sticks and right insulin injections were met through this theoretical account. Additionally, she was offered physical and occupational therapy while in the place. For the clip being, Mrs. Smith is successfully still populating in her community with the aid of her household and complex interdisciplinary squad. How to cite Care Of Older Adult Synthesis Health And Social Care Essay, Essays

Accounting Theory and Current Issues Fundamental Issues

Question: Discuss about theAccounting Theory and Current Issues for Fundamental Issues. Answer: Introduction In the current report, the author of the report found that the discussion about the theory of accounting would be carried out. In addition to this, the issues or the challenges that has been faced by the standards of accounting would become the part of the report. Moreover, the researcher will also elaborate about the standards of accounting in order to clear the concepts of the readers in the more effective and efficient manner. The main objective to conduct this research is that most of the times the management of the organizations does not focus on the significance of the accounting standards and the principles that are related with it. Furthermore, the author of the report tends to critique the topic with the help of the past studies and with the personal observation in to it. Additionally, the author of the report found that when the individual can be able to understand the entire concept of accounting along with its theory that particular individual become the source of earning a huge amount of profits from the company in the more effective and efficient manner. According to the study of (Deegan, 2013), it has been observed that theory of accounting is mainly considered as the set of assumptions and methodologies that are being used in the study along with the international financial reporting standards. In addition to this, it can be stated that accounting theory is mainly revolves with the precise review of the historical along with the foundations of the practices along with this, it is found that many of the accounting practices are changed and mainly added with the regulatory frame of work that mainly governs by the financial statements or financial reporting. In contrast, the studies from the past stated that all of the theories that are related with the accounting standards with the financial accounting standards of boards. Along with this, there is a lot from the financial accounting standards some of the financial standards help the individual to achieve the objectives in the more specified manner. In addition to this, the author of the report found that accounting theory is mainly linked with the logical reasoning that can help the individual to evaluate and guide the accounting practices (Lim et ol, 2014). Moreover, it has been found that the accounting theory is considered as the regulatory standards that evolve in order to help the management to formulate new accounting practices for the organization. There are many benefits that can be given with the help of the implementation of the accounting methods (Donelson et ol, 2016). Along with this, there are many aspects that need to be considered while implementing the application of accounting standards in to the organization. In addition to this, it can be stated that with the help of the accounting methods the management of the company can be able to run the company in the most effective and efficient manner (Bertomeu et ol, 2016). Moreover, it has been found that there are many issues or challenges that need to be faced by the accounting. In addition to th is it can be depicted that there are numerous challenges that need to be cope by the management of the organization. Summary It has been observed by the author of report that it is significant to analyze the different aspects that need to be implemented in the organizations with the application of the accounting standards (Ball, 2013). In the current article the researcher has discussed about the positive accounting research. In order to enhance the understanding of the readers the author has mentioned the core concepts regarding the positive accounting. In addition to this, it can be stated that when the employees at the organization are able to understand the application of the accounting according to their behavior and ideas. According to the study of (Freeman et ol, 2014), it is found that when the person at the work place is able to enhance the understanding regarding the various topics of accounting only then that particular organization is able to perform effectively in the competitive environment. In this era, where it is very difficult to maintain the credibility of the firm only one element can h elp in this regard. Considering this in mind, it has been observed that most of the organizations are providing the training to their human capital in order to enhance the performance in the most effective manner. There are many aspects that are related with the understanding of the employees about the accounting method application. One of the significant elements that can help the workers while trainings is that it can enhance the entire performance or the level of understanding regarding the application of the accounting program along with its practical implementation. In addition to this, it is depicted in the study of (Gaffiki et ol, 2014), it is very mandatory for the workers at the work place to work according to their behavior. Additionally, it has been observed that one of the common problems that can be caused with the casual construction of the models that are theoretical in nature (Lukka et ol, 2014). There are many aspects that need to be incorporated with the undue reli ance along with the numerical parameters of the values; however, it is found that with the replication of the warrant confidence in the findings the individuals in the organizations in order to run the system with the methods of accounting in the more specified manner. Research Question It has been observed that it is significant to understand the research questions in the current report, in addition to this, it can be stated that in order to gain the profound knowledge about the research one must need to understand the overall research questions in the more effective manner. In addition to this, it can be stated that when the individual is able to understand the research questions the more effective information can be gained with it. In addition to this, it can be stated that in the current study the author of that particular research can be able to determine the objectives of the accounting methods along with its applications (Mourik, 2014). Moreover, when the researcher is able to understand the overall strategies of the firm regarding the concept of positive accounting research with the concerning challenges that are related with the application of the techniques. In the current report, the research questions are; What is the concept behind the positive accounting? What is the significance of positive accounting research? How the management of the organizations is dealing with the challenges of the positive accounting? These research questions are found from the given article and the information regarding these questions can be gained with the help of the literature (Beattie, 2014). In addition to this, it has been observed that these all queries that has been discussed in the accounting article are far more important in order to run the organization in the more effective and efficient manner (Watts et ol, 2016). Theoretical Framework: According to the study of **, it is found that one of the main elements that need to be considered by the individual who is conducting the entire report is that whether the report is providing the significant and effective theoretical framework. It is due to the reason that when the researcher is able to put the right framework over the research paper only then the readers of the study can be able to understand the report in the more effective manner. More specifically, it can be denoted that theoretical framework builds the foundation of the research in the most significant manner. Therefore, most of the researcher put their extra attention over the aspects of the theoretical framework (Penman, 2015). In addition to this, it can be stated that if the theoretical framework of the research is found to be strong only then the readers found that research credible. Considering this in mind in the article, it has been stated that theoretical frameworks are mainly related with the assertio ns that can be operated by the world in order to operate it in the more particular manner. In addition to this, it has been observed that there are many claims that lead the foundation of the argument that research has its own scope on the scientific basis of the research project. Additionally, it has been observed that theoretical frameworks can be mainly treated as the claims about the universe that are required to be rested in order to limit the applicability of the research. Moreover, theoretical framework also provides the primary objective about the description of the upcoming results. The Significance and Limitations of the Article It is found that one of the significant element that needs to be considered while formulating the entire report. In addition to this, it can be stated that it is significant to analyze the limitations of the research in order to restrict the audience of the research paper (Penman, 2015). One of the fundamental reasons that are required to limit is that when the research paper have restricted the source in order to make the study more authentic and credible for the academic and for the other purposes as well. The author of the report has restricted the audience of the research by mentioning that the audience that can gain the advantage from the particular report must have to be related with the field of accounting and those individuals who shares a significant relationship with the other aspects of application about the theories of accounting. In addition to this, it can be stated that in the article the author has matched the expectations of the reader along with this it has been obs erved that the researcher provided the very authentic data about the report in the more effective and efficient manner. Conclusions In a nutshell, it can be stated that with the help of the positive accounting research the management of the organization can able to establish an effective social system along with the design for the contribution to the scientific research project. In addition to this, it has been observed that the concept of disciplinary matrix has also been discussed in the article paper. Moreover, it is found that with the help of the social matrix the individuals are able to solve the puzzle with the help of the social and intellectual contribution in the more effective and efficient manner (Raj et ol, 2016). In addition to this, the author of the study found that there is a very significant weight that can be put with the adoption of the effective paradigm. Moreover, in the current research the author has discussed about the significance of using the accounting methods in the organizations. Along with this, it is found that the researcher has put a lot of emphasis on the development of the othe r aspects that need to be considered by the higher authorities of the (Bonin, 2013). In addition to this, it has been observed that when the employees at the organization are able to understand the concept of positive accounting research. Moreover, there are many other elements that need to be considered by the management of the organization and they also need to provide the training to their employees in order to make the entire performance of the organization more effective and efficient. This can only be possible when the workers in the organization are able to understand the significance of the positive accounting research along with the issues that need to be tackled on the first basis. Hence, it has been found that this article is very credible as it is providing the very significant amount of References Deegan, C., 2013.Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Freeman, R.J., Shoulders, C.D., Allison, G.S., Smith Jr, G.R. and Becker, C.J., 2014. Governmental and nonprofit accounting: Theory and practice. Jpaejournal Of Public Affairs Education Volume 20 Number 3, p.441. Gaffikin, M. and Aitken, M., 2014.The Development of Accounting Theory (RLE Accounting): Significant Contributors to Accounting Thought in the 20th Century. Routledge. Lukka, K. and Pihlanto, P., 2014. The developer of Finnish accounting theory.Twentieth Century Accounting Thinkers (RLE Accounting), p.60. Van Mourik, C. 2014. Fundamental issues in financial accounting and reporting theory. Routledge. Beattie, V., 2014. Accounting narratives and the narrative turn in accounting research: Issues, theory, methodology, methods and a research framework.The British Accounting Review,46(2), pp.111-134. Penman, S., 2015. Valuation models: An issue of accounting theory. Raj, S.K. and Roy, S., 2016. Accounting Theory: An Ethical Perspective of Real Life Scenarios.International Journal of Business and Social Research,6(10), pp.47-55. Bonin, H., 2013.Generational accounting: theory and application. Springer Science Business Media.Watts, R.L. and Zuo, L., 2016. Understanding practice and institutions: A historical perspective.Accounting Horizons,30(3), pp.409-423. Ball, R., 2013. Accounting informs investors and earnings management is rife: Two questionable beliefs.Accounting Horizons,27(4), pp.847-853.Lim, C.Y., Lee, E., Kausar, A. and Walker, M., 2014. Bank accounting conservatism and bank loan pricing.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,33(3), pp.260-278.

Satanism Essays (937 words) - Church Of Satan, Satanism,

Satanism Satanism Sociology/Psychology I am hoping I can somehow make this seem like a psychological report without making it lose any of it's important details. My goal in writing this paper is to hopefully make people understand and agree that Satanism is not a "Devil Worshipping," animal mutilating, child scarifying cult organization. The psychological thing comes in when people say Satanism is wrong or evil, they hear the word Satan and automatically assume that it must be bad. They make these assumptions without even taking the time to find the facts and understand them. I'll start off by saying that Satanists do not worship the devil! A Satanist believe that he or she as an individual rule their own destiny and are the god of their own lives. Satanism is a religion based on the reality that man is an animal, like all others. They choose to separate themselves from a society where natural behavior is suppressed and the strong support the weak. The average Satanist disagrees with much of Christianity. In many ways Christians are considered the enimies. Christians say Satan is a fallen angel, not a God. All religions have gods and demons, some of which are forbidden by a typical society. Satan is one among these, originally conceived by the Hebrews, long before the birth of Jesus. Most Satanists are familiar with the teachings of Christianity, and have read the Bible or part of it. They simply consider the Bible to be false and disregard it much like Christians would disregard books which represent the foundation of another religion. Satanism is not considered a religion for the white race and should not be confused with or grouped together with skinheads, The KKK, Nazi's, Neo-Nazi's, or people who support white power. Satanists are not teenage vandals, not gang murderers, not psychopathic murders, not child molesters or vicious rapists. Satanists do not sacrifice young children or animals. The ninth and tenth of the Eleven Satanic Rules of The Earth forbid this, in fact, animal sacrifices are primarily used in the Afro-Caribbean syncretistic religions such as Voodoun, Candomble', and Santeria. Child Sacrifices are used in Television and by journalists to improve ratings. A Satanist does not practice baby breeding or child molestation. Evidence does not support what is said to occur. If the number of murders said to be committed by Satanists' was accurate some bodies would have been found by now. Members of the Church of Satan are involved and advanced exactly as their own desires, abilities, and accomplishments dictate. There are no set activities, meetings, or contacts. A new member comes into the organization ideally with his or her own goals and plans of achieving them. When being brought to the church of Satan new members are told to not let anyone tell you what to believe or what to do. Advice or recommendations are one thing; orders or commands quite another. Remember that you are a free being, not a pawn in someone's power fantasy. They believe the weaker elements of society should serve the stronger elements of society or perish. Satanists support any means of returning to the order of Darwin's Natural Selection Process, this is inclusive of elimination of welfare to selective sterilization of those weaker elements. Weak elements are determined by performance and intelligence, not race or religion. So where does Satan come into all of this? Satanists believe Satan (and other gods) is not so much an entity as a force of nature. These gods are not all concerned with the life of mortals. Satan is a very powerful word that serves as an isolation between Satanists and society. It is this separation that a true Satanist appreciates and holds dear. the separation of a society where the strong and willing work for what they need and want but are forced to support the weak through welfare and charity. Satanists' know their opinions may not be politically correct, but they still obey the laws governing man on this planet a nd they expect the same protection under the laws as other minorities, races and religions. There are several divisions of the believe systems of various "Satanic" groups. Satanism has changed so much from it's original form.

Free Essays on Protagonis

Protagonist? In Sophocles’ play, Antigone, there are two possible protagonists. According to Aristotle’s criteria, Creon is the main protagonist in the play. Some people would argue that Antigone is the key character of the story, but she doesn’t have a hamartia. Aristotle professes this to be the beginning element of a tragedy. Creon’s mistake is overstepping the boundaries of a mortal. He deems himself to be above the gods. He decides when someone’s life will end. Antigone only does what is right; there isn’t a mistake on her part. Secondly, Antigone is not at all concerned with her pride or her well-being. Everything she does is in honor of her departed brother, Polyneices. Creon is very prideful. He says, â€Å"My voice is the one voice giving orders in this City!† He also says that he wouldn’t change his mind about carrying out his death sentence or about allowing Antigone to bury her brother even â€Å"if the great eagles of God should carry him stinking bit by bit to heaven.† This is extreme hubris. He thinks his laws are above those of the gods. Antigone starts out the play in despair. She doesn’t gain or lose anything during the course of the play except her life. Her death is of no surprise to her because she already knows the penalty for breaking Creon’s law. Creon, on the other hand, starts off with a family and the respect of his constituents. In the end, his wife and son both commit suicide. Everyone around him tells him how wrong his edict is. All of this happens because he is inflexible and is trying to maintain a rigid spine. The reversal of his situation is undeniable. Antigone only recognizes that she won’t have the life that she has planned with Haimon. Creon has a greater epiphany. After Teiresias, the prophet, tells him of his vision, Creon realizes he is wrong and tries to make things right. He is too late. He says that, â€Å"I was the fool, not you; and you died fo... Free Essays on Protagonis Free Essays on Protagonis Protagonist? In Sophocles’ play, Antigone, there are two possible protagonists. According to Aristotle’s criteria, Creon is the main protagonist in the play. Some people would argue that Antigone is the key character of the story, but she doesn’t have a hamartia. Aristotle professes this to be the beginning element of a tragedy. Creon’s mistake is overstepping the boundaries of a mortal. He deems himself to be above the gods. He decides when someone’s life will end. Antigone only does what is right; there isn’t a mistake on her part. Secondly, Antigone is not at all concerned with her pride or her well-being. Everything she does is in honor of her departed brother, Polyneices. Creon is very prideful. He says, â€Å"My voice is the one voice giving orders in this City!† He also says that he wouldn’t change his mind about carrying out his death sentence or about allowing Antigone to bury her brother even â€Å"if the great eagles of God should carry him stinking bit by bit to heaven.† This is extreme hubris. He thinks his laws are above those of the gods. Antigone starts out the play in despair. She doesn’t gain or lose anything during the course of the play except her life. Her death is of no surprise to her because she already knows the penalty for breaking Creon’s law. Creon, on the other hand, starts off with a family and the respect of his constituents. In the end, his wife and son both commit suicide. Everyone around him tells him how wrong his edict is. All of this happens because he is inflexible and is trying to maintain a rigid spine. The reversal of his situation is undeniable. Antigone only recognizes that she won’t have the life that she has planned with Haimon. Creon has a greater epiphany. After Teiresias, the prophet, tells him of his vision, Creon realizes he is wrong and tries to make things right. He is too late. He says that, â€Å"I was the fool, not you; and you died fo...

Shifting the Social Balance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Shifting the Social Balance - Essay Example This shift represents a major step in the development of civilization because it focuses on hard evidence, observable fact, and verifiable conclusions. Science opened up the possibility of questioning long-held beliefs and examining them for truth while the Enlightenment made it possible to hold these debates in public, even refuting concepts that proved inaccurate. Revolutionary tools and ideas illustrate how the Scientific Revolution influenced society while the Enlightenment firmly established science and reason as the only logical standard on which to base worldly human thought. Copernicus, somewhat by accident, touched off the Scientific Revolution in the early 16th century when he wrote to Pope Paul III for support in his recent astrological findings. Using solid math, appropriate research and direct observation, Copernicus concluded that the Earth revolved around the sun rather than, as the Church would have people believe, the Sun revolving around the Earth (Copernicus 1543 c ited in Levick, 2004: 524). His evidence was meticulously outlined and his conclusions were sound, but his ideas were introduced to a mostly unreceptive public who still preferred to believe they were central to God's creation. Galileo, introducing some of these same ideas, would gain greater exposure for the idea thanks to the recent invention of the telescope. This made it possible for other people to go and observe with their own eyes the rotations both Galileo and Copernicus had outlined - helped a bit with Galileo's high-class 'star-gazing' parties (Kaku, 2008). Through a simple telescope such as those used by Galileo and his friends, it is possible to see the craters of the moon and the orbits of some of the moons of Jupiter. These observations, combined with sound mathematic principles, made it possible for Galileo, and Copernicus, to prove reality. â€Å"All reasonings about mechanics have their foundations in geometry, in which I do not see that largeness and smallness mak e large circles †¦ subject to properties different from those of small ones† (Levick, 2004: 322).

Importance of Management in an Organization Research Paper

Importance of Management in an Organization - Research Paper Example This report considers management as an asset and a resource to the organization putting forward an explanation on its importance to the organization. The report tries to provide a deeper and precise understanding of the management phenomena for the sustainability and the competiveness of the organization. Using a case setting of a health care and a medical service provider it is evident that management contributes greatly to the improved performance, efficiency and the competitiveness of the organization, this examination is based on the longitudinal study of this organization covering its key departments in which the concept of management is vital. The report provides the importance of management for a better organizational corporate environment attributed by good management. Finally is that the report justifies the importance of management in the interaction among the stakeholders organization which is crucial in determining the stability and the organizational future sustainability. Contents ABSTRACT 2 Contents 3 INTRODUCTION 4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 9 Case Study Setting 10 RESULTS 10 The Perception of the Stakeholders 12 DISCUSS ION OF THE RESULTS 13 CONCLUSIONS 16 INTRODUCTION There have been ambiguities in the context of the concept of management in most organizations on its importance in the contribution to the improved performance and the overall success an organization. Most of the organizations notably both the profit and non-profit organizations have began to realize the importance of adopting best and improved management principles and practices in order to be able to establish themselves and to adapt into the current corporate environment. In regard to the principles of best management practices, management is widely recognized as the intangible asset and a resource of an organization which is the key factor towards the achievement of organizational sustainability as well as the competitive advantage thus contributing to the accelerating pace and the overall growth of the organization (Agarwal 2003). According to the various research provided by scholars, in the current corporate world the initial and traditional factors of production such as the capital, labor and land have become less important in the achievement of optimum positive economic and social returns without the incorporation of the concept of management. As the implication of this, it is notable that most of the organizations have concentrated in the investment and the creation of value and convertible economic results through the integration of management principles and practices while running the operations of the organization (David Knights 2007). The importance of management in the running of organizations has been acknowledged by most of the scholars and researchers as the major strategic resource management in the achievement of the organization competiveness and the organizational sustainability. The increased dynamicity, complexity and the complexity in the operations of the various organizations has sparked the interest and the need to adopt better and enhanced management. The key importance of managemen t is its purpose and role in the formulation and design of management strategies, these strategies are regarded as the essential corporate resource which provides the sustainability and the competitive advantage to the organization. The major part of the workforce is the presence of qualified employees who are well educated with the relevant knowledge and experience for the designated

Mentoring New Nurses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mentoring New Nurses - Essay Example The provision of mentoring programs may determine whether there will be a high turnover rate of new nurses or whether new talent will be maintained within the organization (Harrington, 2011). If senior nurses mistreat the new nurses, then they are likely to be demoralized and begin searching for new opportunities. For this reason, hospitals should have systems of ensuring that new nurses receive guidance and counseling from their senior counterparts. Research has indicated that every nurse has a need for a trusted mentor. Being new in the profession poses numerous challenges and the new nurses benefit immensely from having an individual who can hold their hand as they start their journey towards building their career. Many nurses undertake a four years training with the expectation that they will fulfill their dream of contributing positively to healthcare provision. Healthcare institutions need to keep that dream alive by providing new nurses with efficient mentorship. The selection of mentors for new nurses should bring on board individuals who are patient and those that pose other good qualities such as being trustworthy, good listeners, and being able to nurture talent. Mentors who lack these qualities may not be in a position to influence new nurses positively. For this reason, the type of guide selected determines the efficiency of mentorship.ConclusionMentorship programs developed for new nurses should seek to establish supportive and encouraging relationships.

Methods in the Assessment of Infertility

Methods in the Assessment of Infertility DISCUSSION 6. DISCUSSION 6.1 Fertility depends on the presence of normal fallopian tubes. Tubal factors have been reported to account for 25% to 30% cases of infertility. [6]Partial or complete occlusion of fallopian tubes is one of the major etiological factors in infertility. 6.2 In the present study, 60 cases attending Gyneac OPD in Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology at Base Hospital were studied. Among all cases of primary infertility was found to be 73.3% in present study and cases of secondary infertility was found to be 26.6%. (Table -5.1). Allahabadia et al (1992) studied 50 patients, out of which 40 (80%) had primary infertility and 10 (20%) had secondary infertility. [61] 6.3 The average age in primary infertility group, in present study was found to be 25.27 years while that in secondary infertility group was 28.83 years (Table: 5.2 5.3).Average age of all cases of infertility was 27.05 years. Tufekci et al (1992) studied 44 cases. The mean age of patients was 24.17 + 2.83 years (age ranging from 20 years to 35 years).The maximum number of cases i.e. 29 (65.9%) of primary infertility were in 21-25 years age group. In secondary infertility group, the maximum number of cases i.e. 8 cases (50%) were found to be in 26 30 years age group. [79] S. Kore et al, in their study had similar observation. Maximum numbers of the patients in his study were between 25-30 years of age, 34 patients had primary infertility and 6 had secondary infertility. Mean duration of infertility in his study was 5.2 years. [8] S lal et al, studied 100 patient of infertility and majority of the patients i.e. 64% of the women were cases of primary infertility and maximum number belonged to the age group of 26-30 years .[57] 6.4 The average duration of infertility in primary infertility group was 7.78 years, while that in secondary infertility group was 9.58 years (Tables 5.5, 5.6). The maximum number of cases i.e. 17 cases (38.7%) of primary infertility were infertile for 1-5 years whereas for 6-10 years (Table 5.5, 5.6) in secondary infertility group i.e. 9 cases (56.3%). Among all cases of infertility, the maximum number of cases i.e. 24 cases (40%) were infertile for 6 -10 years (Table – 5.7). Similar finding were also reported by A.K. P. Ranaweera et al. (2013); in which study population comprised 42 infertile women in Srilanka.[80] Overall, the mean age was 31.95 years, with a range of 24–39 years. Mean duration of infertility was 2.98 years, range 1–10 years. Infertility was reported as primary and secondary by 38 (90.5%) and 4 (9.5%), respectively [84]. Another study which was done by Aziz N. (2010) on infertility cases, where cases were taken by ratio of primary and secondary infertility as 2:1.Out of 50 patients, 32 patients (64%) presented with primary infertility and 18 patients (36%) presented with secondary infertility. The mean duration of infertility was 3.7 years and 7.3 years in primary and secondary infertility respectively, while mean age of presentation was 28 years in primary infertility and 32 years in secondary infertility. [68] 6.5 On transvaginal sonosalpingography, out of 44 cases of primary infertility, tubes were found to be patent in 30 cases and blocked in 14 cases (Table 5.8). These 30 cases of patent tubes included 5 cases which showed delayed spill on one side and free spill on other side. Out of 14 cases of tubal block, 6 cases (13.7%) showed bilateral tubal block, 4 cases (9%) each showed right sided and left sided block respectively (Table – 5.8). Out of 16 cases of secondary infertility, 8 cases (50%) showed bilateral tubal patency and 4 cases (25%) showed bilateral tubal block. 1 case (6.2%) and 3 cases (18.8%) showed left sided and right sided block respectively (Table 5.9). Out of all 60 cases of infertility, 38 cases (63.3%) showed bilateral tubal patency and 22 cases (36.7%) showed tubal block (unilateral/bilateral) (Table – 5.10). Tubal block was found to be more common in secondary infertility cases i.e. 8 (50%) as compared to primary infertility cases 14 (31.7%) (Tables-5.8, 5.9). Bilateral tubal block was more common in secondary infertility cases i.e. 4 cases (25%) as compared to primary infertility cases i.e. 6 cases.(13.7%) (Tables- 5.8, 5.9). Tufekci et al (1992) performed transvaginal sonosalpingography and accurately showed patency in 26 patients and bilateral non-patency in 3 patients. [79] Allahabadia et al (1992) performed The Sion Test in 50 patients and found bilateral patency in 41 cases, (82%), bilateral block in 6 (12%) cases, left block in 2 (4%) cases and right block in 1 case (2%). [61] Transvaginal sonosalpingography could also pick up additional findings. Cystic ovary was observed in 5 cases (8.3%) and fibroid in 3 cases (5%) (Table 5.11). 6.6 In Primary infertility group, out of 44 cases chromolaparoscopy showed bilateral tubal patency in 31 cases (71.4%) and bilateral tubal block in 6 cases (13.6%). Left sided block and right sided block was seen in 3 cases (6.9%) and 4 cases (9.1%) respectively (Table 5.12). Out of 16 cases of secondary infertility, chromolaparoscopy showed bilateral tubal patency in 9 cases (56.2%), which included one case which showed delayed spill on one side. Bilateral tubal block was seen in 3 cases (18.8%). Left sided block and right sided block was seen in 1 case (6.2%) and 3 cases (18.8%) respectively (Table 5.13). 6.7 Out of all 60 cases of infertility, chromo-laparoscopy revealed tubal block in 20 cases (33.3%) and bilateral tubal patency in 40 cases (66.7%) (Table 5.14). Tubal block was found in 7 cases (11.7%) in secondary infertility group as compared to 13 cases (21.7%) in primary infertility group (Table 5.14). Darwish AM et al study, where SHG agreed with laparoscopy for the patency of right and left tubes in 72.4% and 60.5% cases. [75] Allahabadia et al (1992) observed bilateral tubal patency in 41 cases (82%); bilateral tubal block in 6 cases (12%) left block in 2 cases (4%) and right block in 1 case (2%). [61] 6.9 Out of additional findings picked up by chromolaparoscopy in all cases of infertility, adhesions (peritubal / periovarian) were most commonly observed i.e. in 21 cases (35%). Cystic ovary and fimbrial cyst were observed in 4 cases each (6.6%) respectively. Fibroid was seen in 3 cases (5%). Tubo-ovarian mass, acute kinking of tube and endometriosis were seen in one case each respectively (1.6%) (Table 5.15). Aziz N (2010) observed tubal blockage in 21.9% and 33.3% cases of primary and secondary infertility respectively. Out of all 15.6% cases of primary infertility were detected as polycystic ovaries (PCO) which was not found in cases of secondary infertility. Endometriosis was found in 12.5% cases with primary infertility and 11.1% cases with secondary infertility. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) was found in 3.1% and 16.7% cases of primary and secondary infertility respectively. Peritubal and periovarian adhesions were detected in 6.3% cases with primary infertility and 22.2% cases with secondary infertility. Fibriod was found in 6.3% and 5.6% cases of primary and secondary infertility respectively. Ovarian cyst detected in 6.3% cases with primary infertility while none was found in cases of secondary infertility. [68] 6.10 A significant advantage of chromolaparoscopy over other methods of detecting tubal patency is that, it permits the visualisation of additional pelvic pathology, particularly pelvic adhesions. This is particularly relevant in assessing the feasibility of their surgical intervention. If dense pelvic adhesions are seen to be associated with totally disorganised tubes, laparotomy may not be indicated. This is of further value with reference to genital tuberculosis, as it presents a real diagnostic problem.Reliable diagnosis of genital tuberculosis is of significance not only to enable proper specific treatment, but also to avoid futile and possibly hazardous surgery.Inability to diagnose accurately the peri-tubal adhesions is an important shortcoming of transvaginal sonosalpingography. 6.11 The presence of peritubal and periovarian adhesions and that too, with high incidence is a significant finding in this study. It implies that adhesions can affect the tubal function with-out affecting the tubal patency. Adhesions affect the fallopian tube by restricting its mobility, interfering with ovum pick up and changing its peristalsis. Laparoscopy provides additional information concerning The site of adhesions whether peritubal or periovarian. b)The extent of adhesions. c)The effect on the course of the tube. d)Anatomical relation between fimbia and ovary Exact site of tubal block could not be diagnosed by transvaginal sonosalpingography.Out of 7 cases of tubal block in secondary infertility group, 2 cases (12.5%) each showed corneal block and midtubal block was seen in 1case (6.2%) and 4 cases (25%) showed fimbrial block (Table 5.17). 6.12 When results of transvaginal sonosalpingography and chromolaparoscopy were compared in all cases of infertility, 38 cases (63.4%), showed bilateral tubal patency by transvaginal sonosalpingography, whereas by chromolaparoscopy 40 cases (66.6%) showed bilateral tubal patency.Agreement regarding tubal patency was seen in 63.4% of cases. Regarding tubal block, agreement was seen in 33.4% cases. On the whole, agreement was seen in 96.6% cases (Table 5.18). Tufekci et al (1992) found completely consistent results in 76.32% of cases by transvaginal sonosalpingography and chromolaparoscopy and partially consistent results in 21.05% cases, and inconsistent results in 2.63% case. [79] Allahbadia et al (1992) performedSiontest and chromolaparoscopy in 50 patients. They found 100% agreement between the two methods for tubal patency. [61] 6.13 Comparison between transvaginal sonoslpingography and chromolaparoscopy in tubal block group (Table 5.19) showed that regarding bilateral tubal block, agreement was seen in 40.9% cases. Regarding unilateral tubal block, agreement was seen in 50% cases, and on the whole agreement was seen in 90.9% cases. Out of 60 cases 22 cases (36.6%) showed tubal block by transvaginal sonosalpingography whereas by chromolaparoscopy only 20 cases (33.4%) showed tubal block. Two cases were falsely picked up by transvaginal sonosalpingography as cases of tubal block. Jeanty P (2000) observed that Air-sonohysterography and laparoscopy with chromopertubation showed agreement in 79.4%. In 17.2% of patients, the tubes were considered nonvisualized by air-sonohysterography when they were patent. The sensitivity was 85.7% and specificity was 77.2%. [70] 6.14 One of the cases which showed right sided block by transvaginal sonosalpingography and bi-lateral tubal patency by chromolaparoscopy showed flimsy peritubal and periovarian adhesions and delayed spill on instillition of methylene blue dye from right side, when chromolaparoscopy was performed. The other case which showed bilateral tubal block by transvaginal sonosalpingography, showed apparently healthy tubes and free spill from both sides by chromolaparoscopy. This might be due to spasm which was relieved under general anaesthesia. Study has done by Tanawattanacharoen S et al. (2000) Shows corresponding results between HyCoSy and chromolaparoscopy in 80.0%. The agreement between both procedures in assessing the uterine pathology was 80.4% (68%). [77] Dietrich, M et al. (1996) find corresponding results with regard to the tube patency between HyCoSy and conventional chromolaparoscopy in 82.5% of cases .Right sided block was observed in 31.8% by both methods. Left sided block was seen in 22.7% by transvaginal sonosalpingography however chromolaparoscopy confirmed block in 18.1%. Percentage of false positive results as shown by transvaginal sonosalpingography was 4.6 %, whereas no false negative results were seen. [63] Allahabadia et al (1992) observed bilateral tubal block in 12%, left sided block in 2% by both Sion test and chromolaparoscopy. [61] 6.15 Divergent observations emphasize the difficulty encountered in accurate localisation. Cornual occlusion for example either functional or structural precludes any evaluation of the remainder of the tube. Furthermore, the patients with apparent cornual block may show a block at the ampulla on repeated film. Chromolaparoscopy revealed more of additional findings as compared to sonosalpingography (Table 5.15). 6.16 Comparison between these two methods in patients of tubal block showed that chromolaparoscopy was the most reliable method for diagnosing tubal block. Out of 22 cases of tubal block by transvaginal sonosalpingography, 2 cases showed patent tubes by chromolaparoscopy and only in 20 cases, the tubal block was confirmed. Level of agreement between these two methods regarding bilateral block was found to be 40.9%. Regarding unilateral block, agreement was seen in 50% cases. On the whole, agreement regarding tubal block was 90.9%.Sensitivity of transvaginal sonosalpingography was found to be 95 %, whereas specificity was found to be 100 %. There were no false negative results by transvaginal sonosalpingography whereas 5% results were false positive. Allahabadia et al (1992) found that transvaginal sonosalpingography showed bilateral occlusion with sensitivity of 100% and tubal patency with 96% specificity. [61] Sensitivity and specificity of transvaginal sonosalpingography as diagnostic test for tubal patency by various studies: The results of this study confirm that both transvaginal sonosalpingography and chromolaparoscopy constitute valuable methods in the assessment of infertility. Though, superiority of chromolaparoscopy over transvaginal sonosalpingography has been clearly demonstrated but the 2 techniques should be considered complimentary and not as a substitute for each other. Transvaginal sonosalpingography can safely replace HSG for determining tubal patency as a routine diagnostic procedure. Trans-vaginal sonosalpingography when compared with HSG: Is more accurate in demonstrating the presence of tubal patency Is potentially safer. Is potentially more convenient and less expensive. Idiosyncracy to contrast agent cannot be expected. Can be performed on ambulatory basis. Trasvaginal sonosalpingography can be criticized on the grounds that- Exact site of tubal block cannot be determined Peritubal adhesions and mobility of tube cannot be properly assessed. It does not provide an accurate assessment of intrauterine and tubal anatomy. It is advocated that young women, as a first examination for fallopian tube patency, should undergo transvaginal sonosalpingography of the pelvis. If tubal patency is demonstrated, the patient should be recommended a six month trial period to become pregnant before invasive procedures are initiated. Chromolaparoscopy should be a vital part of the investigation in all cases of unexplained infertility as it may document hitherto unsuspected pelvic pathology. It is also an essential step former to any tubal surgery at it may not only preclude the requirement of operation but may also provide essential information regarding the nature and extent of future surgery. It is observed again that transvaginal sonosalpingography is not a substitute for chromolaparoscopy; it is offered as a screening test which is very cheap, noninvasive, simple, and cost effective with no infectious morbidity. It is a promising screening and diagnostic technique in evaluation of tubal patency on an ambulatory basis. 1

The Benefits of Genetic Engineering Essay -- Genetic Engineering Resear

Outline I. Thesis statement: The benefits of genetic engineering far outweigh its potential for misuse. II. Genetic Engineering A. Definition of Genetic Engineering. (#6) B. Who invented Genetic Engineering Gregor Mendel (Christopher Lampton #7) Thomas Hunt Morgan (Christopher Lampton #7) III. Benefits of Genetic Engineering A. Genetic Screening (Laurence E. Karp #4) B. Gene Therapy (Renato Dulbecco #6) C. Cloning D. Genetic Surgery (Christopher Lampton #7) E. Benefits in Agriculture (David Pimentel and Maurizio G. Paoletti #2) IV. Potential Problems A. Ethics-playing God. B. What can be considered a disease or not. C. Mutant Army V. Arguments Against Problems A. Creation is a gift. B. All technologies have potential for abuse. C. Already unlocked "genetic genie" cannot put back into bottle. D. Laws to regulate genetics. E. Genetic Engineering can be used for so many good things. (restate benefits) VI. Closing Statements A. Though genetic engineering has potential for abuse, with tight control, the abuse can be minimized and the benefits can still be reaped from it. Genetic engineering is a quite volatile topic these days. On the one side, people are screaming about how people are "playing God" and the potential for disaster, and on the other side people are screaming about the vast potential for good that it has. But how can anyone make a decision if most of those people do not even know what genetic engineering is? The man who perhaps started this genetic revolution was a humble Augustinina... ...hether one likes it or not. Works Cited Mabie, Margot C.J. Bioethics &the New Medical Technology . New York: Athenium, 1993 Pimentel, David and Paoletti, Maurizio G., "Genetic Engineering in Agriculture and the Environment," Bioscience Oct. 1996. CD-ROM. UMI-Proquest. Jan. 1997 Wilson, Jim, "Finding New Wonder Drugs," Popular Mechanics Oct. 1996. CD-ROM. UMI- Proquest. Jan. 1997 Karp, Laurence E. Genetic Engineering: Threat or Promise? . Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1976 Lampton, Christopher. Gene Technology, Confronting the Issues . New York: Athenium, 1995 Dulbecco, Renato. "Gene Therapy," UNESCO Courier . Sep. 1994. CD-ROM. UMI-Proquest. Jan. 1997 "What is genetic engineering?" (16 Apr. 1996). http://www.aba.asn.au/leaf2.html (24 Jan. 1997) Marsa, Linda. "Edible Vaccines: Enhancing the benefits of nature," Omni Sep. 1994. CD- ROM. UMI-Proquest. Jan. 1997